Note: This is a lesson from my free DEX course.
Decentralized exchanges (aka DEXs) are made of code (smart contracts and user interfaces) that allow people to trade assets against a liquidity pool, eliminating the middleman of centralized exchanges.
Traders plug in and use their personal crypto wallets to interact with DEXs. This is in contrast to making an account on a trading site and sending your fiat money there.
I am growing a full DEX course here so check that out. Now onto my vid about the basics:
Wallets for DEXs Explained
The decentralized exchange will tell you which wallet they accept when you start using it. Wallets might be hardware ones, browser apps, mobile apps, or other software wallets.
For the most part now (Mar ’22), each DEX allows coin trades that are on one blockchain. That is changing through many efforts, though.
I also made these slides to condense the workings of DEXs and keep it simple in my mind:
Teams are working to link up blockchains and allow for cross chain trades as well. This is often called “interoperability”. A part of this is through “wrapped” crypto that is locked up. I see future protocols linking up liquidity pools to allow trade between every crypto with ease in seconds.
Why are DEXs Exploding Now?
Decentralized networks can now verify trades and accounts balances without central databases, using consensus algorithms. This revolutionary way of trading is also allowed by smart contracts, which are programs that cannot be changed once they are live on a blockchain. It’s how cryptocurrencies and tokenized assets can be locked up.
If the chain and code are secure, then we know the funds will be there for trading. This is the underlying tech of the cryptocurrency and decentralized finance (DeFi) revolution.
Those databases and accounts have needed to be held and run by centralized exchanges until recently. These choke points of fees, control, and manipulation are being released.
Features of Decentralized Exchanges
- An asset seller does not need a buyer to perfectly match their order.
- Liquidity pools of assets are locked up in smart contracts.
- Traders trade against the pool.
- Cryptocurrency holders (or DEX creators) lock up assets in the pool for rewards. Often, they get a cut of the trade fees.
- Smart contracts sit on the blockchain and wait for traders to interact with them.
There are many revolutions in global finance going on at the same time. DEXs take advantage of a few of them. They are evolving quickly and are the future of investment and trade.
ICOs and Token Sales are Giving way to DEXs
Initial coin offerings and token sales have been a breeding ground of scams in the past. Decentralized exchanges are changing the model after regulators cleaned up the issue.
Early backers in new crypto projects swap the base coin or the DEX coin for these new cryptocurrencies directly. It’s how we can invest early and support new coins that we have researched. It’s also a new “micro-cap strategy”.
To Summarize Decentralized Exchanges
The global exchange of assets is undergoing a revolution. DEXs on faster, cheaper, and more scalable chains are evolving. Massive innovation is also happening with interoperability (the ability to trade across various networks).
There are also many efforts aiming to tokenize traditional assets such as stock, bonds, and fiat currency with cryptocurrency and tokenized assets.
Bottlenecks and middlemen are being subverted by thousands of these new DeFi projects. In the near future, I feel that swaps of almost every asset will be completed within seconds against gigantic liquidity pools that have linked together.
DEX trading will be done for investing and also at point of sale. This is why DeFi and DEXs have captured my attention and imagination.